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The ad hominem fallacy attacks the person making an argument instead of addressing their actual claim, derailing logic with personal insults.
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The straw man fallacy misrepresents someone's argument into an exaggerated version, then demolishes that fake version instead of the real one.
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Circular reasoning uses the conclusion as evidence for itself, like "this book is true because the book says so"—it proves nothing.
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The appeal to authority fallacy assumes something is true just because an expert says it, ignoring that experts can be wrong outside their field.
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The false dilemma presents only two options when many exist, forcing a choice between "either you're with us or against us" when nuance is possible.
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The slippery slope fallacy claims one small action inevitably leads to extreme consequences without evidence connecting the steps between them.
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The begging the question fallacy assumes its own premise is true, like "only reliable sources say this is reliable"—it's circular disguised as logic.
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The appeal to emotion fallacy manipulates feelings instead of reasoning, making you agree through pity, fear, or anger rather than facts.
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The hasty generalization fallacy draws sweeping conclusions from too little evidence, like judging all dogs as dangerous because one bit you.
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COMPLETE
The tu quoque fallacy deflects criticism by saying "you do it too," avoiding accountability by pointing out hypocrisy instead of addressing the actual argument.
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